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What are the most common quality problems of photovoltaic modules?

1. Hidden cracks: Hidden cracks are cracks caused by stress or pressure in the silicon solar cell of a photovoltaic module. These cracks are usually not visible to the naked eyes,but only can be tested by the certain methods.Hidden crack is the main cause of photovoltaic module failure or failure.(The full analysis of solar crystal silicon cell module hidden crack).

Hidden Crack 1

2. Hot Spot: The local temperature rise of hot spot in photovoltaic module will have a devastating effect on the efficiency and degradation of solar modules. Hot spots are unstable and may eventually cause component damage.

3. Fire disaster: An extreme potential hazard in the production of photovoltaic modules, especially on residential photovoltaic roofs. Photovoltaic module fires are not as common as hidden cracks or hot spots. But more evolved from underlying flaws, no matter how trivial they may seem.(Solar photovoltaic power station fire risk analysis and fire prevention countermeasures).

4.Layering：Component layering is a serious problem because it allows moisture to penetrate into components, which can lead to catastrophic failure. At this time, the component needs to be replaced.

5. Fracture: All PV modules must have some degree of compression resistance to prevent crushing. The quality of the materials (glass selection) and the construction process can make a big difference in component quality, The main causes of breakage are environment, construction and installation method.

6. Invasion: When water penetrates the protective layer of the solar module and makes contact within the internal circuit, it significantly accelerates the degradation of the module, ultimately leading to disastrous consequences for the module and the entire Photovoltaic system. Glue opening is caused by poor quality production line and poor material quality.

7. Deformation：The most severe forms of deformation are likely to be caused by the combination of harmful effects listed in the first six categories, or by inadequate reinforcement performance within the PV modules. However, the two main areas where solar panel deformation has a greater impact are the area where the component center is tilted towards the roof and the external frame area.

8. Discoloration: The backplane sometimes turns yellow or brown. This is a chemical reaction between poor quality materials and sunlight, more often in photovoltaic modules that have been used for a long time. Poor quality or cheap material quality is the root of the problem. Once it starts to change color, EVA will constantly change from its original state, inevitably leading to material damage. (Yellowing analysis of solar photovoltaic backplane environmental aging test).